Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

Symptoms

• Blisters on skin areas exposed to the sun, such as hands, face, and arms.
• Itching.
• Increased hair growth on affected areas.
• Skin discoloration.
• Long-term hardening and thickening of the skin.
• Sometimes liver problems.

Causes

PCT can be caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as a defect in the UROD gene, leading to reduced activity of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase enzyme. Environmental factors may include alcohol consumption, hepatitis C, HIV, excessive iron exposure, and the use of certain hormones and medications.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of PCT typically involves a combination of blood, urine, and fecal tests to measure the levels of porphyrins. A liver biopsy may also be suggested to assess liver health and exclude other causes.

Treatment

• Avoiding sun exposure by wearing protective clothing and using high SPF sunscreen.
• Reducing alcohol consumption and avoiding iron supplements.
• Medications to remove excess iron from the body, such as phlebotomy or iron chelators.
• Low doses of antimalarial drugs to reduce the accumulation of porphyrins.
• Treating any underlying conditions such as hepatitis C or HIV.

Self-care Tips

• Wear long sleeves, hats, and pants to protect the skin from the sun.
• Use sunscreen with a high SPF.
• Avoid alcohol and check with your doctor before taking new medications or supplements.
• Regularly check your skin for new blisters or changes.
• Manage a healthy iron level by consulting with your doctor about your diet and any supplements.