Syphilis (Lues)

Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including oral and anal sex, and can also be passed from mother to child during pregnancy.

Symptoms

Syphilis progresses through different stages, each with its own symptoms:

Primary syphilis: The first sign is often a single, painless sore at the infection site, usually on the genitals, rectum, or mouth.
Secondary syphilis: Weeks to months after the initial infection, a rash may occur, often on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Other symptoms can include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat.
Latent syphilis: In this stage, there are no symptoms, but the bacterium remains in the body.
Tertiary syphilis: Can occur years after the infection, causing severe damage to the heart, brain, eyes, and other organs.

Causes

Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Transmission occurs through direct contact with a syphilitic sore during sexual activity. The bacterium can also be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her baby, leading to congenital syphilis.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of syphilis is made through:

Blood tests: These can detect antibodies against the bacterium.
Physical examination: Checking for any sores and rashes.
Darkfield microscopy: Can identify the bacterium directly from a sore.

Treatment

Syphilis is effectively treatable with antibiotics, primarily penicillin. Treatment depends on the stage of the infection:

Early stage: A single injection of penicillin is often sufficient.
Late stage: Longer or more intensive antibiotic treatments may be needed.

Self-Care

Avoid sexual contact until treatment is complete and the infection is fully resolved.
Inform sexual partners: So they can also be tested and treated if necessary.
Regular follow-up: After treatment to ensure the infection is completely cured.

Safe sexual practices: Use condoms to reduce the risk of reinfection or transmitting the disease.